Module Project and Feature – is it possible to Deploy Custom Page/Custom Controls to _layouts Folder Using SPFeature?

The answer is NO, First thing, you can not use Mapped folder in Module Project in VS 2010. Secondly SPFeature can not deploy files to _Layouts folder, because of the simple reason that it does not allow you to place files in physical file system.

So What is Solution-

One solution you have is use event handler SPFeatureReceiver to deploy file to Physical Files System like _Layouts (in case you want to copy files when SPFeature is Activated).